: This study investigates using participatory geographic data methods (PGIS) for hazard assessment in small island acquiring states (SIDS), with a give attention to spatial literacy and Neighborhood-dependent disaster management. By partnering with the Lavongai Local community on Papua New Guinea, this study aimed to empower Neighborhood members via https://fernandogxefu.bcbloggers.com/30089818/the-smart-trick-of-case-study-analysis-that-no-one-is-discussing